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Eduard Adam Skendzel Polonian historical collection

 Collection
Identifier: Collection 299

Scope of the Skendzel Gift

The Skendzel gift, as it was originally received, contained three primary segments of information:

1. Skendzel's extensive research materials and writings specific to the Polish community in Michigan and the Grand Rapids area in particular.

2. Skendzel's collection of research materials on Grand Rapids churches.

3. General historical reference materials, primarily those related to Grand Rapids.

The third segment, the general historical materials, have been set aside for separate usage of each title within the total department or library needs. Included are several titles which are general Michigan, Kent County or Grand Rapids history sources. Duplicates of these titles in good condition are often saved for later use, as the copies currently in use become physically worn and have to be replaced.

The second segment, the church references, were separated into those directly related to the Polish community, and those which served other ethnic groups or denominations. The Polish related materials were combined with the first segment, the Polish community research and writings, to form Coll. 299, Eduard Adam Skendzel Polonian Historical Collection.

The non-Polish church materials are now documented separately as Coll. 299X, Eduard Adam Skendzel Churches Reference Collection. Users of this collection looking for information on the Polish churches are redirected to Coll. 299.

Scope and Contents

Ed Skendzel grew up in the west side Polish community of Grand Rapids, Michigan. He gathered reference information from and on this community and added to this body of literature through his own writings. Both his reference materials and his writings are included in this collection.

Also included are sources which briefly reference the international, national or regional, and the Michigan Polish communities.

The focus of the collection is on Grand Rapids and Southwest Michigan Polonia, the communities, pioneering individuals and families, and the Roman Catholic churches in Grand Rapids and Southwest Michigan, which supported the community, most specifically St. Adalbert’s and St. Isidore’s.

There are materials in this collection in the Polish language. These may be written documents or oral histories. The written documents appear to be primarily original newspapers or historical church documents. It is estimated that less than a quarter of the collection is in the Polish language, sometimes with a parallel English translation. Attempts will be made in the future to find a translated version or to find a volunteer to create English transcriptions of Polish oral histories, or articles, as necessary.

The greater percentage of the materials in Coll. 299 are published written materials. Some original manuscript items such as correspondence and research notes are found, but are not extensive.

Of the published documents, some are in their original form as published, but many are photocopies. Included in the copies are some Vatican correspondence.

Church publications include bulletins, directories, histories, and some financial records. A few baptismal records are included.

Eighty-four oral histories were given in the original reel to reel tape format, and most have now been migrated to digital audio files. Skendzel prepared extensive written notes on many of these oral histories. No actual word for word transcriptions are found.

While there are a few photographs in the collection, this is a notable weakness in the original holdings. Included in the available photos are individuals from select families and images of local churches from various generations. Visual representation of individuals may be increased through use of the published sources. Little visual representation of events is found in the collection, though a reference photo related to the funeral of the murdered boxer Stanley Ketchel is found in this collection.

Roughly 25% of materials were received self-bound by Skendzel using handmade boards covered with colored sticky tape. Many of these items are photocopied materials, with a few originals items so treated. Unfortunately, the tape is not archival and is damaging other items in the collection. These items will eventually be culled from the collection, with the provision of a replacement or a reference to where the source may be obtained, so that the scope of the collection can be maintained.

Dates

  • no date

Creator

Biographical / Historical

Eduard Adam Skendzel, the eldest son of Adam Paul and Mary Angela (Dzierwa) Skendzel, was born in Grand Rapids in 1921 and died there in January 1999 at the age of 76. Skendzel received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Detroit and his Ph.D. from Wayne State University in Detroit, later continuing his studies at the University of Mexico, Indiana University, and Northwestern University. A linguist and fluent in nine languages, Skendzel taught at Edsel Ford High School and Henry Ford Community College, both in Dearborn, and at Wayne State University.

As a historian, he conducted extensive in-depth research on Michigan “Polonia” (communities of people of Polish descent), focusing on the Polish communities of Western Michigan and the Detroit area. Skendzel was also interested in the history of the Catholic Church in Michigan and the Midwest, especially Polish Catholic parishes. His publications included a study of the pioneering Grand Rapids Polish community member Valeria Lipczynski, histories of Sacred Heart Church and St. Isidore’s Church (both located in Grand Rapids) and many other published articles relating to Polish people and churches in the Grand Rapids and Detroit areas. Some of his publications on the Mexican pioneers of Detroit are included in the Library's book collections.

His final book, Grand Rapid’s St. Isidore’s Story: A History Within a History, Centennial 1897-1997 (Littlefield Press, 1999) was published after his death and represents much of his research not only on this parish (his own), but also on the Grand Rapids Polish community and the West Michigan Catholic Church as a whole.

Brief History of Grand Rapids Polonia

Polish immigration into Grand Rapids began in the mid-1800s, about the same time as the immigration of other ethnic groups (namely the Dutch, Irish and Germans) into the region. Lydens’ 1966 book, The Story of Grand Rapids, notes that the first Polish immigrant to Grand Rapids was Joseph Jakubowicz, who came to the city in 1854. As Lydens explains, many Poles migrated to the U.S. during this period because of political oppression and the “hope of economic improvement.”

Between the 1870s and early 1900s, three distinct Polish neighborhoods were established in Grand Rapids, which, as Skendzel’s own research illustrated, are often identified with three Catholic churches. The first Polish Catholic church, St. Adalbert’s, was founded in 1881 on the west side of the Grand River; most of the immigrants in this neighborhood came from German Poland, and spoke both German and Polish. Many were skilled craftsmen and worked in nearby furniture factories. The parish of St. Isidore, first called St. Stanislaus, was founded in 1897 on the east side in an area known as the “Brickyard.” This neighborhood was the home of the Polish community leaders Valeria and John Lipczynzki, and consisted of immigrants mostly from Russian Poland who spoke only Polish. For this reason, the Brickyard area has been described as being the most homogeneously Polish of the three neighborhoods.

A third community grew on the southwest side of Grand Rapids, around the present John Ball Park, and led to the establishment of Sacred Heart Church in 1903. Polish immigrants in this neighborhood were drawn by work in the nearby gypsum mines.

Like most new immigrant communities, the early Polish community created a mostly insular network of support through aid societies, churches, schools, cultural and patriotic groups and Polish-owned businesses.

[In addition to Lydens’ history, Samuelson et al’s Heart and Soul: The Story of Grand Rapids Neighborhoods (2003) was also consulted for this historical overview.]

On the local Catholic church, see also these books in the GRHSCC Collection:

Ancona, Gaspar F. Where the Star Came to Rest: The Stories of the Catholic Church in West Michigan (France: Editions du Signe, 2001). M282.7745 An22w

McGee, John W. The Catholic Church in the Grand River Valley, 1833-1950 (Grand Rapids, 1950).

Extent

54 Linear Feet

Language of Materials

English

Abstract

Eduard Adam Skendzel (1921-1999) was a linguist and historian from Grand Rapids, Michigan. His research focused on the history of the Polish community and the Roman Catholic church. This collection focuses on the Polish community in Grand Rapids and southwest Michigan, including churches associated with the Polish community. Included are Skendzel's own writings, his research notes, other reference titles, 84 oral histories and some original documents. Some of the material is in Polish.

Immediate Source of Acquisition

Eduard Adam Skendzel Estate, accession number 1999.026.

Related Materials

Coll. 179, Lipczynski Family Papers, also from Skendzel.

Coll. 299X, Eduard Adam Skendzel Churches Reference Collection: This is a separate collection of non-Polish related church reference materials which was gifted from the Skendzel estate at the same time as the Polonian collection materials. Materials on Polish churches have been maintained in Coll. 299, the Skendzel Polonian collection.

Eduard Adam Skendzel Collection, University of Notre Dame Archives

A gift from the Skendzel Estate was also given to Notre Dame University in South Bend, Indiana. This sibling collection, as documented through their finding aid, appears to have a more national scope, including materials on Polish immigration to the plains states of North Dakota and Nebraska; the upper Midwest, including Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ohio and Illinois, especially Chicago; Texas and the eastern U.S., especially especially New York.

Materials about Michigan at Notre Dame emphasize Detroit and east side of the state, including the thumb, but also includes mid- and upper-lower Michigan. Materials about Detroit include research on other ethnic groups, especially Mexicans. Research materials about these geographical areas also addresses the Roman Catholic church, with an extensive collection of parish histories. Included is research on individuals, both pioneering immigrants and individual priests, especially Kolasinski, from Detroit.

Processing Information

Processing of the materials received from the Skendzel Estate is supported through a dedicated fund given by the Skendzel family, administered by the Ryerson Library Foundation. Processing projects include the physical arrangement of the materials for use, as well as the preparation of indexes and this finding aid, to communicate the holdings of the collection.

Five Skendzel interns have worked on various stages of the processing to date or on special access projects. They are: Stacey Dodson, 2002 (original processing and finding aid outline); Sarah Kolk, 2004 (continued finding aid organization and editing); Ethan Melchinger, 2005, 2006 (name indexing of Skendzel articles, Skendzel Church Collection 299x and other processing); Kathryn Meredith, 2007 (additional physical processing, including the processing of the digital versions of the oral histories, and work with the Archivist on final arrangement).

The Grand Rapids Public Library deeply appreciates the ongoing support of the Skendzel Family and the Ryerson Foundation for these projects.

Additional funds supporting this collection have come from the Ryerson Library Foundation, for the migration of the oral history audio tapes from reel to reel format to digital audio format, 2006.

Title
Finding aid for the Eduard Adam Skendzel Polonian historical collection
Status
Completed
Author
R. Mayne
Date
1999
Description rules
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Language of description
Undetermined
Script of description
Code for undetermined script
Sponsor
Processing of the materials received from the Skendzel Estate is supported through a dedicated fund given by the Skendzel family, administered by the Ryerson Library Foundation. Additional funds supporting this collection have come from the Ryerson Library Foundation

Repository Details

Part of the Grand Rapids History Center Repository

Contact:
Grand Rapids Public Library
111 Library Street NE
Grand Rapids Michigan 49503 USA
616-988-5497