Skip to main content

Dr. Sumner Merrill Wells, Jr. World War I and personal papers

 Collection
Identifier: Collection 146

Scope and Contents

The collection documents the American Red Cross Military Hospital Unit Q from its formation to its work in France and also a portion of Dr. S.M. Wells' personal papers and photos. The bulk of the collection dates from 1917 to 1932, covering Dr. Wells' involvement in World war I, an extensive history of Unit Q which includes excerpts written by other members of the unit, correspondence from the period in which he was medical director at Blodgett Hospital, and documentation of his work as executor of his father's estate. Outside these dates appear nineteenth century photos of both his and his wife's ancestors and also more recent photos of vacations and family friends.

The photos include all aspects of life for Unit Q from daily scenes to extraordinary events. A few photos show African-American soldiers--wounded, a barber, and a military band as well. There are also a series of photos of various wounds that seem to document some sort of experimental treatment. One final word of note, many of the loose photos which have no original documentation also appear in the albums with detailed identification.

Dates

  • 1865-circa 1970

Creator

Biographical / Historical

Sumner Merrill Wells, Jr. (1889-1966), a prominent physician in Grand Rapids, Michigan, was the son of Sumner Merrill Wells, Sr. (1862-1931), a wholesale grocer and mercantile broker, and Sarah Althea (Stephenson) Wells (1867-1937), an active member of First Methodist Church and various civic clubs.

Merrill Wells graduated from Central High School in 1907 (class president), the University of Chicago in 1912 (cum laude), and Rush Medical College in 1914. He interned at Children's Memorial and Presbyterian Hospitals in Chicago. In October 1936, the younger Wells married Minerva Ford, the daughter of J.E. Ford of Grand Rapids.

During World War I, Wells served in the Red Cross Hospital Unit Q. Unit Q was formed by the Grand Rapids chapter of the Red Cross, which raised close to $90,000 for its outfit. The majority of the unit's personnel--doctors, nurses, and enlisted men--hailed from Michigan, many came from the western part of the state. By December 1917, the unit mobilized at Ft. McPherson, Georgia, to train for duty in Europe. Called up the following May, Unit Q left from New York, arrived in England, and was located at Knotty Ash, a hospital camp outside Liverpool. In June 1918, the unit relocated to the American Red Cross Military Hospital (ARCMH) #5 on the Auteil horse racing course near Paris, France. Housed in tents, the hospital could be loaded on trucks and moved within a few hours. ARCMH #5 was the largest of its kind in France and at times cared for as many as 2,400 patients. In January 1919 Unit Q moved to Bordeaux to form part of Base Hospital #208. During the next month the Unit began to demobilize. Some personnel returned to the United States and others transferred to Germany or Romania.

Wells was commissioned on August 8, 1917, as a first lieutenant in Unit Q. At Auteil he worked in the laboratory studying infectious diseases. Later, in Bordeaux, he remained in medical service and was also appointed historian of the hospital. Sent stateside in March 1919, Dr. Wells was promoted to captain and stationed in New Jersey. Upon his own request, he was transferred to Fort MacArthur, California and remained there until his discharge in April 1919. At that time he became a member of the Medical Reserve Corps.

Following the War, Dr. Wells returned to Grand Rapids. From 1919 to 1921 he served as medical Director of Blodgett Memorial Hospital. In 1921 he returned to private practice in internal medicine. Following the discovery of insulin in 1922, Wells became one of the first doctors in West Michigan to use it in the treatment of diabetes. Interest in chest diseases led him to contribute time to free clinics of the Kent County Anti-Tuberculosis Society. In 1924 Dr. Wells was instrumental in establishing the Grand Rapids Clinic. He worked there until 1929 when he returned to private practice in offices downtown. In 1944-45 he served as chief of staff at Blodgett, and from then until his retirement in 1962, he was a consultant at Blodgett and a member of the courtesy staffs of Butterworth and St. Mary's Hospitals.

Wells was a fellow of the American Medical Association and the American College of Physicians, and a member of First Methodist Church, American Heart Association, American Diabetes Association, the Kent County and Michigan State Medical Societies, Delta Upsilon fraternity and Alpha Kappa Kappa medical fraternity.

Extent

6.13 Linear Feet (12 boxes)

Language of Materials

English

Abstract

Sumner Merrill Wells, Jr. (1889-1966) was a prominent physician in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The bulk of his papers document Hospital Unit Q, during World War I. Wells served in this Red Cross Hospital unit, which was formed by the Grand Rapids Chapter of the Red Cross. Included are official reports and records of Hospital Unit Q, several drafts of "The History of Hospital Unit Q," photographs, postcards and some maps and clippings. In addition to the World War I materials are family papers, as well as images covering about 100 years, including images of Wells. Many of the images are from other portions of Michigan or the U.S., and several images remain unidentified.

Immediate Source of Acquisition

Minerva Wells Estate, 1979; accession numbers 1979.021, 1986.192.

Related Materials

Coll. 218, Kent County Chapter American Red Cross History

Coll. 318, Grand Rapids in World War I Collection

Grand Rapids Sampler, pg. 139, contained an image of a group of nurses from Medical Unit Q in France. This image is cited in the Sampler book as being from the Cudney Coll. 119, but is in fact part of the photos in Coll. 146-6-4.

Title
Finding Aid for the Dr. Sumner Merrill Wells, Jr. World War I and personal papers
Status
Completed
Author
Rachael Drenovsky Kozal
Date
July 1992
Description rules
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Language of description
Undetermined
Script of description
Code for undetermined script

Repository Details

Part of the Grand Rapids History Center Repository

Contact:
Grand Rapids Public Library
111 Library Street NE
Grand Rapids Michigan 49503 USA
616-988-5497