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Ralph H. Childs/Grand Rapids Anti-tuberculosis Society records

 Collection
Identifier: Collection 386

Scope and Contents

Users of this collection will discover that sometimes the local anti-tuberculosis society worked in close conjunction with the state and national societies, but other times fought with the broader scoped organizations and sought to separate itself. The collection reflects this multi-leveled aspect of the anti-tb movement as all of the levels are represented by various records.

Two activities of the organization dominate as subjects throughout all the material in the collection. One of these is the Christmas seal. A sub-series of the series, Organizational Records, is dedicated exclusively to Christmas seals but patrons interested specifically in seals can look about anywhere in the collection for information.

Through the decades of the 1960s and 1970s there was considerable conflict between the local organization and both the state (Michigan Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association, MTRDA) and national (National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association, NTRDA) societies that resulted in efforts to change organizational structure and relationships. Included in the debate were issues surrounding the appropriateness of continuing direct services. Again, a sub-series of the series, Organizational Records, is dedicated exclusively to reorganization efforts but a majority of the documents from these decades throughout the collection relate to this subject.

The formation and early history of the society is covered well by primary sources in the form of meeting minutes, though the minutes do not continue consistently after 1916. Near the end of the Organizational Records series is a file on the history of the society also containing primary, as well as secondary, source information about the early years of operation. There is also a file on the history of the Christmas seal in the Christmas Seal sub-series.

The early statistical/service reports are the best source of information about the direct care services of the local organization and the actual tuberculosis problem in this area. They document what the nurses were doing and what they were finding in their patients. This kind of information cannot be found in the collection after the 1930s.

One of the most comprehensive records sets are the annual reports. They contain mostly statistics and overviews and they were used as promotional tools so the information is more complimentary to the society than objective, but there is a report for nearly every year of the society's existence.

Scrapbooks make up about half the volume of the collection. Those with titles are listed by their title in quotation marks and those that had no titles are simply called “Scrapbook” with a date range. The first scrapbook in the series, Scrapbook 1905 – 1959, is a wealth of original photos representing over fifty years of history in images. The second scrapbook in the series, Scrapbook 1914 – 1952, is a similar wealth of documents including meeting minutes and nurses reports and can supplement what is found separately in the Organizational Records series.

Near the end of the Organizational Records series is a sub-series of material that seems like an anomaly. A full standard Hollinger box is filled with metropolitan studies; reports about utilities, the rise of the suburbs and other issues related to the urbanization of this community dated primarily from the mid to late 1950s. It is a useful group of material. It is unknown how it became included in this collection.

Dates

  • 1905-1986

Creator

Biographical / Historical

The National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis was founded in Atlantic City, New Jersey in 1904. The name was changed to the National Tuberculosis Association in 1918 and fifty years after that became the National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association. In 1973 it took its current name, the American Lung Association, keeping the former double barred cross logo.

The Christmas seal had its origin in Denmark in 1904 when the government issued a decorative sticker for mailings. Sales from the sticker helped build a children's tuberculosis hospital. A woman named Emily Bissell is credited with first bringing the Christmas seal to America when she adopted it in 1907 as a means of raising money towards Red Cross efforts to eradicate tuberculosis in Wilmington, Delaware.

In 1910 the National Tuberculosis Association joined forces with the Red Cross to conduct a Christmas Seal campaign. In 1919, the double barred cross motif was added to the seal and in 1920 the National Tuberculosis Association took sole control of the effort.

Locally, the Grand Rapids Anti-tuberculosis Society, the first such volunteer association in the state, was founded in 1905. Tuberculosis was a concern receiving attention from a variety of sources in the community. Among these was Samuel Ranck, the new Librarian at the Grand Rapids Public Library who previously worked in libraries in Baltimore where there were active tuberculosis eradication efforts. Ranck arranged for a lecture at the library by Dr. Vaughan, dean of the Medical School at the University of Michigan. The March 3rd lecture served to facilitate the subsequent formal organization of the society with John W. Blodgett as president.

Early efforts of the society included anti spitting and fly campaigns, direct services through visiting nurses, and the promotion of open air schools and treatment centers.

On Feb. 14, 1907, the Grand Rapids Board of Health opened the state's first tuberculosis hospital in a converted farmhouse on north Fuller Street between Michigan and Leonard. In April 1923 a new structure called Sunshine Sanatorium was opened at the same location.

The anti-tuberculosis society became the Kent County Tuberculosis Society in 1947 and in 1968, the Tuberculosis, Health and Emphysema Society of Kent County. In 1970 the name switched again to the Tuberculosis, Health and Emphysema Society of West Michigan. Ralph Childs was the executive director of the society from 1958 until the time of his death, Jan. 31, 1986.

Extent

16 Linear Feet

Language of Materials

English

Abstract

The Grand Rapids Anti-tuberculosis Society existed in Grand Rapids, Michigan from 1905 to 1986. The organization became the Kent County Tuberculosis Society in 1947 and the Tuberculosis, Health and Emphysema Society of Kent County in 1968. Ralph Childs was the executive director of the society from 1958 until the time of his death in 1986. This collection contains organizational records including legal and financial documents, meeting minutes and annual reports, among others. There is also a large set of scrapbooks and a small collection of audio and video tapes.

Immediate Source of Acquisition

Betty Childs, Robert Streelman, accession numbers 1986.150, 1988.040, 1990.025.

Title
Finding aid for the Ralph H. Childs/Grand Rapids Anti-tuberculosis Society records
Status
Completed
Author
Jennifer Morrison
Date
2011
Description rules
Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Language of description
Undetermined
Script of description
Code for undetermined script

Repository Details

Part of the Grand Rapids History Center Repository

Contact:
Grand Rapids Public Library
111 Library Street NE
Grand Rapids Michigan 49503 USA
616-988-5497